1. b4镜头转m43
在下面随便找个输进去windows xp序列号,分专业版和家庭版,请选择适合您的版本。
家庭版:3FKBQ-32TH7-D3TJB-YBWTQ-D26VQKXDVQ-26WRM-PDGP2-CH7VJ-BFKGHWP6T6-D7F2H-7T8WY-8D37V-BPCH34K63F-F74YG-XCTQR-3QFT6-788JQYYF2G-2BGGM-8M4HV-C4VKM-278QG492BW-YGCJX-M7Y48-FCJGG-CWTCKQ83JG-YRR24-VVDJG-JMDJD-TDP92CGT8C-VPMGV-22FTB-4662X-PKRW7R38RJ-TV3M3-KWPKW-3T2V4-M74XF82YWC-44DWH-VP8B4-M8Q8G-7XKVGGHHTT-GJ476-BF48P-GF4X3-Y4RJBDYJC7-8T366-QFKVH-7YYWJ-72GV9GJWW3-XGJQW-X4FM6-XX8F4-M223FCCMHK-VT7HK-VJR4K-7RJ7T-HPK4QXGX4M-K7MC2-VGJH7-XMX27-7HBPMFTKHV-8PXKK-HXQM6-2JJYM-RG28263VXM-JFP8B-MTPVW-734PV-GJ8HD4YX4G-62MTT-6RTQX-PV2VB-7MBFFJMC7C-BTWJR-WHQF2-32V8K-TGGGYW7QRW-FWD36-XFD84-TDQXV-PY3DVTQWCP-RBXGT-C8CRW-P2JCM-QVTVF3MJJ7-7BQXX-KRX47-6CJKY-W97FX3MDP8-KCP2H-RRQGW-PGMDH-RQPVGQDFJC-JKR8B-D6XF2-7X763-Y2YTB2QFJY-MGCKJ-G3CDD-VY2T2-8TC4JGW7QD-77WJ2-FXM26-WT6JP-F6RGBJG3WK-GCJCR-KHDYD-GJHBK-FVP4DR42R8-6KXWF-2WMVC-J82GR-WRP2CD3MFD-PHCFQ-HJ68R-6F3JB-G3BPY2R3TQ-JCQFP-4BJ6M-Y6HC8-TYHJTW3XCV-TYTMB-B2TB7-R7WCQ-J7G6P2FB6V-TCM4H-7K8HR-7XC2W-K28P6QDBHH-T6RMK-YPB8Q-MB3R8-BM9CR4CHYB-FRHR6-J8QFQ-B6HVF-VGJPFGDQPQ-FWJMD-MCRYR-74DGR-MJYVJ4RFKJ-GGJVV-Y3TXH-XXB6R-JYGGD7TJPG-4TRPT-C8PRJ-H338J-GV87643BFW-KFJHY-QPMD4-738QV-8833G2YH22-WPYXK-R8M32-42J4X-6RJPDYBPRD-Q76CB-FV8PK-XV8GB-FGQFGKRGKM-2QTBV-GKQC6-762J3-Q3GTP2PCBJ-JKPPG-4FG8Q-7HPJH-87X8RMX2WW-4MHYT-Y47QG-4XRB8-WRKFJJ7F7Y-8CPRT-8Q4KH-4KWV8-YWBFX8F3XP-MKXY3-2R6TR-BKPYW-WJCK8PTMHT-JB72F-2WKW4-WRGY6-K84KVB6FJQ-8GFCV-YMFQ8-3BPX4-VDM6XVMG8Q-FF4BK-8CQD3-MDK88-YK9R9V28QQ-Q862G-QVK6W-KJHYT-769M3M4QWF-VYPPQ-M4DKK-WX2K7-2V29Q8QXTR-RY36X-2C3T4-CT2QJ-YT9B7JRWBM-FXQP7-83WF7-7RRDX-DD82YX8TVX-4J2MR-X3TK4-7FRWX-T88TRVXFKK-FYTP6-8VKV7-P74PJ-6TF9H8W8GB-FGB4Y-KFWCG-JFWDK-WMRTPFDWTM-34B7D-7X4H4-VCRW4-F8J8HQ8JJY-V34V6-23HBK-JPG2C-KPDPPMWF2H-JVJF2-PRMFY-3V44D-PR37TWW7B6-QPRQJ-F37PX-8GCVX-TVBCMYWDK6-PGWBD-CR62C-76FBB-MGXMGWQMD2-RJK68-26648-GFMGR-929V2P6GKF-GPP2F-6TCGD-XCP4J-PYX2K8WFC3-M23WH-MHJTH-DQCX7-MPWBQDFHQG-H3Y3W-Y3PM6-GXCD4-RB9H2MVP7X-2MXWF-CWBMF-KV866-3KJ8DFYFF3-XRKKC-2PYGD-H2TR7-DMF7F27WC6-6XKFG-6K3DD-D3F23-8HHFQTQ4W3-VTW4X-X4XTF-W4TXG-HVKYR2VTVG-7MYXM-RPXD7-BP8DH-CF87JBBK3F-BYD63-HXWTP-CFW3Q-J8G9MMHW86-DRMYB-BCYKP-YB4QP-PK8T7VWPRH-PBJKY-TWQTY-GKQCC-RD3QRH68PX-YVX8Q-XXJJ8-RPPX3-FJFW93PJ2X-8W2YY-YQFKC-JCTY3-3D7Y2GBDQR-C47MH-VW8GH-8W3FX-QY3RV6F67C-WKF86-CPXV2-YBRBD-JVTMX8G6RP-GXPMW-BTHTJ-4MV3G-V297K4QQTF-8RX4D-88VHR-V3WH8-43TRPC7JDR-8F6FB-2YQC7-46VBH-GPBK8F3PXR-QYKTW-PT6RV-F2DWR-QCVF942BK8-28H73-HHYFY-YBYPM-R4MY97BCCB-R4KW6-PCDK6-QTX8R-X2F76MW8V8-83TR2-R3YGT-2TTTJ-PJDTX2BR4M-P4JBV-2MQBG-BW72M-GKFK4GKXHH-7PW74-8JVTX-6YFV3-M43283VRV4-M8P3H-HTKJ8-WPCQP-4JFFPCHGBG-7HRR2-BDYJD-YRQPF-46V2KX7PKB-82CW6-6BCDF-786DB-X97P46GXYV-MDJJG-GX8RM-MGVK8-PK294H3PPY-YVDJM-PTYKH-CRWJV-77FCPCQPWP-HXQHD-MHPG4-C74FX-TDCM2RDPMY-Q8VYP-D4TKT-BJQTM-DTHTX8C3V7-67RYX-PK2JP-TMVYC-JBD6CRXHQ2-6447R-RQCWC-3QGRM-KW7KC438QK-XTRK4-2XJPC-MBB8T-QHF448RPX2-WMRFB-3H4TM-76Q2R-6DDRX2CY7B-K3QT8-44V2X-37FWY-6MCQBMYDGX-CXTB4-XGJWX-BWPKV-R9YTF84BXM-QYJPJ-JJHJT-J7CW8-BDGP8BTW27-RKBRX-2VX6H-TT34J-XBPJMCMJ8D-F2RXW-XCQC7-HHHJ2-C9MXF8CRV2-HB2F8-34TJC-GWGJ3-KFX6YQK2HX-XQTHB-RY82Q-DRCKP-WM2CR24DFT-36QKX-3RJYB-QKR6V-3PW7H6F67H-JCM78-MX3DP-T6WVQ-G8BJ3DDQXH-Y7BHK-XJMY3-QHYKT-G33DCRPGTB-KQBRT-2GVVX-QJVFV-9W234TDR4M-WDY3H-7YPDF-C4JJ3-BWQXF8M2MQ-R3FGJ-T38HW-66RJ4-D9G6QCKQ4C-8YHDG-MPW6Y-D3BRD-T8CBVKJ27M-HTVT6-JJWV2-PTGVJ-TRBV4W77QW-QGX7H-4FMMW-TF6FB-WGG2B7TFDP-GPCCD-R37TY-WRQVK-Y2PVGYKXDH-3VBMM-RYYTW-H2JP3-YQVJD3TFWH-VP64T-J7XYG-HWRQ4-KKY99BTR2C-XFTJK-46Y4C-6DKFH-7KTDQ7DHFC-8W788-PJCWX-CJDY4-92RHY3GH6Y-JJQDX-MXC8J-8V3TG-FGYX648DF2-CPCMX-8W6J8-MWHDQ-4GPY8VTXV3-74TJ7-3WDDV-V7832-PD4YPV8PTP-KG7DR-J8CQ3-XX7HM-J9QBM3DCDH-XFMP7-DD26D-77TRR-PJCWQDRMRB-T82V8-2W2QG-44VM2-9Y6PCB7BKT-8HD82-JFCY4-KXV2T-DTCXYW8GBG-7GGHV-3PJQG-KCFRT-GBY9P专业版:3FKBQ-32TH7-D3TJB-YBWTQ-D26VQHCQ9D-TVCWX-X9QRG-J4B2Y-GR2TTKXDVQ-26WRM-PDGP2-CH7VJ-BFKGHWP6T6-D7F2H-7T8WY-8D37V-BPCH34K63F-F74YG-XCTQR-3QFT6-788JQYYF2G-2BGGM-8M4HV-C4VKM-278QG492BW-YGCJX-M7Y48-FCJGG-CWTCKQ83JG-YRR24-VVDJG-JMDJD-TDP92CGT8C-VPMGV-22FTB-4662X-PKRW7R38RJ-TV3M3-KWPKW-3T2V4-M74XF82YWC-44DWH-VP8B4-M8Q8G-7XKVGGHHTT-GJ476-BF48P-GF4X3-Y4RJBDYJC7-8T366-QFKVH-7YYWJ-72GV9GJWW3-XGJQW-X4FM6-XX8F4-M223FCCMHK-VT7HK-VJR4K-7RJ7T-HPK4QXGX4M-K7MC2-VGJH7-XMX27-7HBPMFTKHV-8PXKK-HXQM6-2JJYM-RG28263VXM-JFP8B-MTPVW-734PV-GJ8HD4YX4G-62MTT-6RTQX-PV2VB-7MBFFJMC7C-BTWJR-WHQF2-32V8K-TGGGYW7QRW-FWD36-XFD84-TDQXV-PY3DVTQWCP-RBXGT-C8CRW-P2JCM-QVTVF3MJJ7-7BQXX-KRX47-6CJKY-W97FX3MDP8-KCP2H-RRQGW-PGMDH-RQPVGQDFJC-JKR8B-D6XF2-7X763-Y2YTB2QFJY-MGCKJ-G3CDD-VY2T2-8TC4JGW7QD-77WJ2-FXM26-WT6JP-F6RGBJG3WK-GCJCR-KHDYD-GJHBK-FVP4DR42R8-6KXWF-2WMVC-J82GR-WRP2CD3MFD-PHCFQ-HJ68R-6F3JB-G3BPY2R3TQ-JCQFP-4BJ6M-Y6HC8-TYHJTW3XCV-TYTMB-B2TB7-R7WCQ-J7G6P2FB6V-TCM4H-7K8HR-7XC2W-K28P6QDBHH-T6RMK-YPB8Q-MB3R8-BM9CR4CHYB-FRHR6-J8QFQ-B6HVF-VGJPFGDQPQ-FWJMD-MCRYR-74DGR-MJYVJ4RFKJ-GGJVV-Y3TXH-XXB6R-JYGGD7TJPG-4TRPT-C8PRJ-H338J-GV87643BFW-KFJHY-QPMD4-738QV-8833G2YH22-WPYXK-R8M32-42J4X-6RJPDYBPRD-Q76CB-FV8PK-XV8GB-FGQFGKRGKM-2QTBV-GKQC6-762J3-Q3GTP2PCBJ-JKPPG-4FG8Q-7HPJH-87X8RMX2WW-4MHYT-Y47QG-4XRB8-WRKFJJ7F7Y-8CPRT-8Q4KH-4KWV8-YWBFX8F3XP-MKXY3-2R6TR-BKPYW-WJCK8PTMHT-JB72F-2WKW4-WRGY6-K84KVB6FJ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2. b4镜头转接m43
Windows 8.1核心版安装密钥: 334NH-RXG76-64THK-C7CKG-D3VPT 密钥是一种参数,它是在明文转换为密文或将密文转换为明文的算法中输入的参数。密钥分为对称密钥与非对称密钥。 Win8.1安装密钥: 注意:Windows 8.1 RTM版,安装过程中会提示用户输入密钥,这个时候就不能输入Windows 8密钥了,而是使用系统提供的临时密钥来完成安装,然后在激活的过程中更换成Windows 8密钥,重启即可解决问题。 在安装Windows 8.1 RTM的过程中,你的设备可能会被强制安装.NET 3.5 framework,这时你还需要输入“dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:NetFX3 /Source:C:/sources/sxs”命令提示符。 Windows 8.1核心版安装密钥: 334NH-RXG76-64THK-C7CKG-D3VPT Windows 8.1专业版安装密钥: XHQ8N-C3MCJ-RQXB6-WCHYG-C9WKB Windows 8.1 Pro WMC安装密钥: GBFNG-2X3TC-8R27F-RMKYB-JK7QT Windows 8.1 Pro安装密钥: XHQ8N-C3MCJ-RQXB6-WCHYG-C9WKB Windows 8.1预览版 产品密钥(32位和64位通用): 7XVDN-V72B4-HPP7Q-K442M-TXTF4 NTTX3-RV7VB-T7X7F-WQYYY-9Y92F Windows 8.1激活密钥: Windows8.1预览版官方免费激活码:NTTX3-RV7VB-T7X7F-WQYYY-9Y92F (全球通用) Windows 8.1直接联网激活: KW3QN-KFYWP-3KTGY-W678X-RM2KV 9DDD3-84PXF-QNPXF-3PV8Q-G8XWD HV8NK-MCCM2-J7CDF-B46H7-46V3H Windows8/8.1 专业版零售密钥: slmgr.vbs -ipk NQC2J-HCVC6-Y6DM4-DWJX3-2WD2Y slmgr.vbs -ipk NB78R-2KTRP-MY37P-WTJK2-J426M Windows 8.1 Core Retail Key: slmgr.vbs -ipk 27CKQ-6JNDK-FKCJV-97FCG-GMQG3 Windows8.1 专业版/企业版 MAK密钥: slmgr.vbs -ipk XYPFR-PNKG2-FH4CT-6YDCG-Y97QQ slmgr.vbs -ipk FKW6N-GDW6B-BXK2W-VW2MY-RCYDQ slmgr.vbs -ipk DMNH2-7MXG8-F8RD3-D4C4F-9WY93 slmgr.vbs -ipk MPN6V-8KD8C-WKQ4F-B4C7B-MY33Q Windows8.1 专业版 WMC(媒体中心)零售密钥: slmgr.vbs -ipk MGVGB-BPKTY-HNG8T-KFWYY-6VGB3 slmgr.vbs -ipk MTRM6-BP9YW-RNDW4-GKJRK-8QG8D slmgr.vbs -ipk JBMB3-BRVWQ-CKCN9-T6HPP-KWXWD slmgr.vbs -ipk KQ8Q4-W7FNF-X7CFQ-XPFQC-XTJY3 Windows 8/Windows 8.1专业版密钥 2TPRN-B4BYT-JWGC8-YR4C7-46V3H 4JNVH-HHD8C-9R327-YQ82V-BDR9V 4NX96-C2K6G-XFD2G-9X4P9-4JMQH 4NY9C-Q2VW8-84VH3-YPMDY-FF9T7 68HD9-XN2TY-KV4WW-BQFKC-W2KT7 6DQ86-MNG2R-B8TVR-8QRQM-3GJXV 6P3RV-NKC86-WKBPP-MRDHT-WW8XV 6XDQ4-BN684-F4WXC-92RQX-RM2KV 776F3-NMPJV-B3XQJ-86YC7-KHF9V 7BCX7-KN4HD-4QF3T-KR4P6-TJCKV 7DNHG-MJPT4-CJRJG-MRKGM-KD4DH 86RCN-VFHTV-79R2X-KCRR7-7QR9V 8B3N2-GWPXP-3VFP2-VX69Q-QRPKV 9BBKW-FN3PW-MC8FB-6JT3W-YPWXV 9FN3V-HDGGV-7F8K6-FVT9H-QPBQH BG33D-RWNDC-32H69-287X6-QYFDH BJXKR-2KNCP-837CD-7GCH3-8K49V 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以上就是Win8.1各个版本企业版、专业版、零售版以及专业版WNC等的激活密钥汇总。
3. b4镜头转接nex
逻辑思维是人们在认识事物的过程中,借助于概念、判断、推理等思维形式来反映客观现实的理性认识过程。基本的逻辑思维方法包括:抽象与概括、分析与综合,归纳与演绎,对比,原因与结果。
定义
逻辑思维的定义是:“是人的理性认识阶段,人运用概念、判断、推理等思维类型反映事物本质与规律的认识过程。”通俗点说,逻辑思维是建立在因果关系之上的,反映客观现实的思维方式。
逻辑思维具有规范、严密、确定和可重复的特点。
方法
分析和综合
分析指的是,把事物分解为各个部分、侧面、属性,分别加以研究,分析是认识事物整体的必要阶段。
综合则是把事物各个部分、侧面、属性按内在联系有机地统一为整体,以掌握事物的本质和规律。
分析和综合是互相渗透和转化的,在分析基础上综合,在综合指导下分析,分析与综合,循环往复,推动认识的深化和发展。
例如:证明两线段相等
综合法思路:已知条件→三角形全等或平行四边形→对应边或对边相等(线段相等)。
分析法思路:对应边或对边相等(线段相等)→三角形全等或平行四边形→已知条件。
归纳和演绎
归纳和演绎是认知事物和思考的逻辑法则。
简单通俗来说:归纳就是把具备某种相同属性的事物,一一列举出来,然后寻找共通点。
演绎法
演绎就是把互相之间形成影响的因素,按照事物因果顺序、时间先后顺序,重要程度顺序排列出来,再寻找突破口。
太极生两仪,两仪生四象,四象生八卦,这是演绎(由太极开始,向后递推的顺序)。
演绎推理的主要形式是“三段论”,由大前提、小前提、结论三部分组成。
大前提是已知的一般原理;
小前提是研究的特殊场合;
结论是将特殊场合归到一般原理之下得出的新知识。例如:
大前提:鸟都会飞;小前提:我是鸟;结论:所以我会飞。
归纳法
龙生龙,凤生凤,老鼠的儿子会打洞,这是归纳(龙,风,老鼠各为一类)。分析若干不同事物(思想、事件、事实)的主要特点,找出其中的共性、共同点,然后将其归类到同一个组中,并说明其共性。
抽象与概括
抽象
抽象是对同类事物中抽取出共同的、本质性的特征,舍弃其非本质的属性或特征的思维过程。
概括
概括指的是人脑在比较和抽象的基础上,把抽象出来的事物的共同本质特征综合起来,并推广到同类事物上的思维过程。
总结
抽象的过程往往是从多到一的过程,最后呈现的形式也是以“关键词”的方式,突出本质属性。而概括的过程最后呈现的都是一句完整表述本质属性的句子。
练习
1、认识到“鸟是一种有羽毛的,无齿有喙前肢为翼的动物”这是思维的( )过程。
A.具体化 B.抽象 C.概括 D.分析
解析:C。该题综合呈现了鸟的所有本质的属性,因此属于概括过程。
2、对乌鸦、企鹅、麻雀、鸵鸟等进行分析比较后,得出“羽毛”、“动物”、“前肢为翼”、“无齿有喙”是共同本质的属性,“飞”是非本质属性。这是思维的( )过程。
A.具体化 B.抽象 C.概括 D.分析
解析:B。该题从多个事物中,抽取出了鸟的本质属性是“羽毛”、“动物”、“前肢为翼”、“无齿有喙”,找到了鸟的特征。属于抽象的过程。
4. 分类和比较
分类
是指根据事物的共同性与差异性,把事物分类。具有相同属性的事物归入一类。具有不同属性的事物归入不同类。
比较
比较就是比较两个或两类事物的共同点和差异点,通过比较就能更好地认识事物的本质。
除了上述的逻辑思考方法,比较常见的还有对比(求同、存异)和因果两种,相对比较容易理解。逻辑性强的人,善于解构任务,化繁为简,剔除无用信息, 能用更短的时间解决更多的事情。所以,我们要利用方式和方法锻炼和提高逻辑思维。
提高逻辑思维
“PREP+A”的逻辑
P(Point,观点/论点),R(Reason,原因/理由/根据),E(Example,实例/例证),P(Point),A(Action,行动)。
在正式的谈话、讲演、文案中,一般可以遵循下面的逻辑/步骤:
P:首先,简洁明了的表明自己的观点/论点/主张,也就是你在说什么、你想要表达什么。
R:其次,说出支持你结论的“依据”,也就是回答 你凭什么这样认为,是基于哪种事实和解释?
E:再者,用实际的例证(资料、数据、个人例子等)来提高你结论或观点的说服力。
P:最后重复结论,确保自己想传达的信息,已确实传递。
A:行动就是你希望对方怎么做(根据实际需要,一把可以省略)。
小结:简单来讲,这个模式就是先从结论说起,再说明得出结论的理由及根据,然后举出具体事例佐证,最后再强调一次结论 。
掌握思维框架
如何去设计一个框架,这个方法来自元学习领域的相关知识,这些元学习领域的相关知识如下:
工作记忆、长时记忆、组块、提取、存储、必要难度、间隔效应、表征、初级表征、次级表征、心理表征、记忆、线索、遗忘曲线、图式、模式、联系、刻意练习、自我生成、详细阐述、分散练习、框架法。
举一个例子来区分一下,工作记忆与长时记,比如记住一个姓名:【xxx],默默5遍后可以记住这个名字,只不过这个姓名是在工作记忆里边。工作记忆不能被长时的保存,是一种临时的记忆。此时,从大脑里提取这个姓名,就是从工作记忆中直接提取出来。
隔了一会儿,再去提取“刚才记住在工作记忆”的姓名,再也提取不出来了。工作记忆,早已被新的内容刷空,如果“长时记忆”里边有记住这个姓名,我们就能从长时记忆里边把这个姓名提取到工作记忆。可惜的是,遗憾的是,长时记忆里边没有塑造出这个记忆。或者说长时记忆虽然保存了这个记忆,却提取不出来。
现在要利用元学习领域的知识来建立一个逻辑思维的框架,这个逻辑思维的框架是针对逻辑学而言,这就涉及到逻辑学领域的相关基础知识了。逻辑学领域的基础知识,个人提炼出来一些核心而又基础的概念,如下:属性、性质属性、关系属性、概念、内涵、外延、定义、划分、判断、假设Assumption、假定Hypothesis、推理、论证。
比如:以词语“人”作为切入点,通过词语“人”去衔接“属性、本质属性、概念、内涵、外延、划分、判断、推理、论证”。如何从一个词语“人”贯通整个逻辑框架呢?
人这个词语对应的概念--->概念对应外部世界的一类事物----->从一类事物之中“抽象、抽取”出属性--->本质属性---->概念、内涵、定义、外延、划分---->判断---->推理------>论证!
这些基础的概念之间是有联系的,刚开始学习逻辑学时,这些基础的概念在自己的大脑里是碎片化的、是分立的,是没法被联系起来。
东一处、西一处、南一处、北一处,各个概念之间缺乏联系,对逻辑学的认知就是以一些碎片的认知,不能拼成一个框架,缺乏一个框架把各个概念联系起来。
经典的模型
有人说“思维模型是你大脑中用于做决策的工具箱,你拥有的工具越多,你就能够做出正确的决策”,所以大家可以多学习经典思维模型,帮助自己做出正确的决策。
自我提问练习
在日常生活中,无论是看到、听到或读到一些关于重要信息或者让你有触动的信息时,都可以通过一些刻意的自我提问来锻炼自己的思维。比如读到一个观点时,就可以这样问自己:作者为什么会从这个角度切入?作者是如何形成这个结论?这个结论有什么缺点?如果我来写如何可以更好?
写作练习
可以每天拿一张纸,就写一个问题,然后我们再用树形结构逻辑思维,来对这个问题进行分析。用不同的角度,不同的视野,看看是否有新的想法,把这些东西再整理起来,先不要思考太多,想到一个问题就直接写。不能拖延。我们只要追寻自己原始的感受,不用想得很复杂,想到什么就直接写什么,别犹豫不决。培养这种树形结构逻辑思维,最忌讳的就是,原地兜圈子,因为这样会做无用功。
做结构笔记
结构式笔记主要是指:用思维导图搭建全书的框架架构。 将全书的内容浓缩在这一张图里,有利于我们迅速抓住重点,在日常思维导图的制作过程中,可以利用工具:XMIND,如果你有输出的需求,可以购买一个会员,如果只是想自己做完保存,也可以不购买会员。
使用思维导图
思维导图就是一种工具,可以利用有效图形来协助我们的思维表达的实用性工具,可以帮助我们发散思维,理清思路。当接到一个任务时,先要做的不应该是立马执行,而是先思考。因为有时候如果不思考,就会弄不清楚方向,就会挖掘不出甲方的真实需求。这时候我们就要打开思维导图,开始逻辑的分散性思考。
常见好用的思维导图工具有很多,比如:
亿图脑图MindMaster:强烈推荐,简单好用高颜值,模板社区10W+模板内容;
MindManager:推荐,思维导图老大哥,兼容Microsoft office,试用限制30天;
幕布:较推荐,极简风大纲笔记一键生成思维导图,较长时间无更新维护;
xmind:推荐,商业思维导图软件,高颜值+做图稳定,但没有提供在线版和云服务;
MindLine思维导图:较推荐,轻量级思维导图软件,功能较简约但界面缺乏设计感。
导图的用法
比如,一次会议可以分三个阶段。
第一个阶段,大家畅所欲言,发散思维,用思维导图把大家的想法用树状图画出来。
第二个阶段,评估想法。发现不同想法之间的联系,而且把有联系的想法用线条连接起来。
第三个阶段,集中思维,形成决议。把讨论中淘汰的想法都删除划掉,剩下的想法,分出主次和执行顺序,整理好开始执行。
个人的想法过程也一样。
实用主义的思维导图一定是杂乱的,画满了各种连线、重点符号、划掉符号,就像草稿纸一样。
花哨的装饰和美观的外表未必实用,真正的武器身上一定伤痕累累。
注意事项:
① 清楚制图目的
做思维导图之前,一定要弄清楚自己制图的目的是什么?是为了自己梳理思路还是交付于别人传播。如果是用于分享,就需要有一些设计思维。如果是帮助自己梳理思路,那么就不需要美观度上花去过多的时间。
② 信息传递
记住做思维导图重要的是梳理思维,视觉传达为辅助,帮助记忆,因此不能本末倒置,花过多的时间在视觉美化上面。
③ 语言要精炼
一张思维导图可以承载的信息毕竟有限,我们要学会深度理解信息、适当加工,尽量用明确、精炼的语言去传达。
④ 日常积累素材库
我们要在日常工作中不断累积建立好自己的素材库,可以是图标库、图片库、字体库、配色库、模型参考库等等,这样能够有效提高自己的作图效率。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"逻辑思维是人们在认识事物的过程中,借助于概念、判断、推理等思维形式来反映客观现实的理性认识过程。基本的逻辑思维方法包括:抽象与概括、分析与综合,归纳与演绎,对比,原因与结果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8nV0CaP1gBioZNAl16viZd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"定义","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3y5Y9DAuSd8IZ8Fvnt9vth"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"逻辑思维的定义是:“是人的理性认识阶段,人运用概念、判断、推理等思维类型反映事物本质与规律的认识过程。”通俗点说,逻辑思维是建立在因果关系之上的,反映客观现实的思维方式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniIyQQ2atDkdktdVjutJy2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"逻辑思维具有规范、严密、确定和可重复的特点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxGu8Q9BlXGtsd0QxOc4sNd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":284,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"定义","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c92b46c7d9594921bcc268149ecf7643","width":499},"text":"","id":"doxcnYeAoFyXgoG6Bw515YanTtc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHh0wO0uabhTxLEdzNIJSbg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"分析和综合","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJdFf0JsxyUYdyRQXoBS1Ud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"分析指的是,把事物分解为各个","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"部分、侧面、属性","id":""},{"type":"text","text":",分别加以研究,分析是认识事物整体的必要阶段。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzmk9qwIkOnnmgbiTUtkc0b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"综合则是把事物各个部分、侧面、属性按内在联系有机地统一为整体","id":""},{"type":"text","text":",以掌握事物的本质和规律。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn51iwDuIueTyVm0EZ0iSJXe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"分析和综合是互相渗透和转化的,在分析基础上综合,在综合指导下分析,分析与综合,循环往复,推动认识的深化和发展。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaHAb5qficN093Gybqwd2Zb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"例如:证明两线段相等","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDmsQFeRsbnmxmBQqtkfihc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"综合法思路:已知条件→三角形全等或平行四边形→对应边或对边相等(线段相等)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJXBBK0PyEm8MRqMPLdTxqk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"分析法思路:对应边或对边相等(线段相等)→三角形全等或平行四边形→已知条件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvYa57tfHUnnB3Gg04dduNh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":500,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"分析和综合","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0fd1d58e3478495198e90844f13d74fa","width":454},"text":"","id":"doxcnEXWCO5YkLSxnaXaJ67hhGg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"归纳和演绎","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnechh7aC4gVd56HCONiwsTb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"归纳和演绎是认知事物和思考的逻辑法则。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyFFM2ZjIIf96p8Jwq1Uqic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"简单通俗来说:归纳就是把具备某种相同属性的事物,一一列举出来,然后寻找共通点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpdVMJbpOF78vcB4djk2OUe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"演绎法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZ6Y9qJn1rXmV38sd408vIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"演绎就是把互相之间形成影响的因素,按照事物因果顺序、时间先后顺序,重要程度顺序排列出来,再寻找突破口。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYByTG8gikZCJ5s7zBflvDh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"太极生两仪,两仪生四象,四象生八卦,这是演绎(由太极开始,向后递推的顺序)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0Av5bx0jZxkPxMY2t1B9zh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"演绎推理的主要形式是“三段论”,由大前提、小前提、结论三部分组成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvcYMrtU8WJ3Gii34JDZgOd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大前提是已知的一般原理;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndgBTRyblmpSWqED4LK4tOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"小前提是研究的特殊场合;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRJ80cikP22K9PJEY2hXPPk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"结论是将特殊场合归到一般原理之下得出的新知识。例如:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG58cGbZJwgogooH7OD3zDg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大前提:鸟都会飞;小前提:我是鸟;结论:所以我会飞。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnz5QDd3K6SAS8xeOS1SS4c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"归纳法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJDVSVwyT8MOBeqQ0oG4t8d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"龙生龙,凤生凤,老鼠的儿子会打洞,这是归纳(龙,","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"风","id":""},{"type":"text","text":",老鼠各为一类)。分析若干不同事物(思想、事件、事实)的主要特点,找出其中的共性、共同点,然后将其归类到同一个组中,并说明其共性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0ZnkoIC54y0eiDNQwpnbVf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":350,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"归纳法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fef97b46b9944a3f990b90f35d001f8e","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnBa1FSoLKfqj7bgbDOEi1vc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"抽象与概括","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnaOYipK3GeELax0RUr8GxX"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"抽象","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvR7fIigXYjvgnXzdY3reqR"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"抽象是对同类事物中抽取出共同的、本质性的特征,舍弃其非本质的属性或特征的思维过程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWtOfSwvg0pVe4W9CWDNsGe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"概括","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndsGAlQViGC4d8in2xMh0Ca"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"概括指的是人脑在比较和抽象的基础上,把抽象出来的事物的共同本质特征综合起来,并推广到同类事物上的思维过程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMimmt5CdbyGPizRj2RenLf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":388,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"概括","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9171d06be42a49aba2ad2efa3d1770bc","width":764},"text":"","id":"doxcn9aEwdEtEg6g78zrvfZpkXg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"总结","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPYaNQIxxV4D2sVvBvdpfFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"抽象的过程往往是从多到一的过程,最后呈现的形式也是以“关键词”的方式,突出本质属性。而概括的过程最后呈现的都是一句完整表述本质属性的句子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnceYNAWh8k383ODqhi6QDOd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFSzTaDlFw1fgbf9iYMj64g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、认识到“鸟是一种有羽毛的,无齿有喙前肢为翼的动物”这是思维的( )过程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnusEFnzvTE8Ynt0r1U5jOod"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"A.具体化 B.抽象 C.概括 D.分析","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNHjHP3g3FZf0500OKKAw3f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"解析:C。该题综合呈现了鸟的所有本质的属性,因此属于概括过程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTBomBI6YhTiBkU7Ufzooge"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、对乌鸦、企鹅、麻雀、鸵鸟等进行分析比较后,得出“羽毛”、“动物”、“前肢为翼”、“无齿有喙”是共同本质的属性,“飞”是非本质属性。这是思维的( )过程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2DIJAkup57ubfixgWf3PgP"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"A.具体化 B.抽象 C.概括 D.分析","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnchjt2AzGcrsTxqnSEd78jb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"解析:B。该题从多个事物中,抽取出了鸟的本质属性是“羽毛”、“动物”、“前肢为翼”、“无齿有喙”,找到了鸟的特征。属于抽象的过程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMrrSi1RTckuNYd4RFaa8Tg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":624,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9d1bff7e3c704c1d9bd16bae5ee0920f","width":942},"text":"","id":"doxcnCB9oqyrs7QteqwnkzgyGFg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"4. 分类和比较","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndX1Ai2smjzi1eZWtPDjBQc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"分类","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4x8zG45O2XwTEkgvZxarwc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"是指根据事物的共同性与差异性,把事物分类。具有相同属性的事物归入一类。具有不同属性的事物归入不同类。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTJ1N81u7SUkMFjRuxoNhFh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"比较","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBVmuXk9jDt1wkVZlnm9Myc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比较就是比较两个或两类事物的共同点和差异点,通过比较就能更好地认识事物的本质。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSnlIjOIYger2onEF1wPVZw"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":302,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"比较","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/afe0f05e87e945728a2fd9027775086c","width":697},"text":"","id":"doxcnpqmsHzoXGConSMYLAj6bof"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"除了上述的逻辑思考方法,比较常见的还有对比(求同、存异)和因果两种,相对比较容易理解。逻辑性强的人,善于解构任务,化繁为简,剔除无用信息, 能用更短的时间解决更多的事情。所以,我们要利用方式和方法锻炼和提高逻辑思维。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnilJwnXtfeu7X6RVJy8PmVf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"提高逻辑思维","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5JJKCIb6NBCvOMfSjY6a6f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"“PREP+A”的逻辑","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnD16lE1129JQ20Ta1wIl65e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"P(Point,观点/论点),R(Reason,原因/理由/根据),E(Example,实例/例证),P(Point),A(Action,行动)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvAmTG8DpOcMwi2obfIzWof"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在正式的谈话、讲演、文案中,一般可以遵循下面的逻辑/步骤:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnapgdMQruFfSwnpsqbJmfug"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"P:首先,简洁明了的表明自己的观点/论点/主张,也就是你在说什么、你想要表达什么。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZNJDJ6kFlXW0jy4ZlYGhOd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"R:其次,说出支持你结论的“依据”,也就是回答 你凭什么这样认为,是基于哪种事实和解释?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoNBY5PtzGTf8kJmDaRUAmd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"E:再者,用实际的例证(资料、数据、个人例子等)来提高你结论或观点的说服力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuuuRS1kxXnPpPypxLzHQu8"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"P:最后重复结论,确保自己想传达的信息,已确实传递。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNGekacVndfNmQlBTlla77f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"A:行动就是你希望对方怎么做(根据实际需要,","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"一把","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"可以省略)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzcXAug6BJuUzKaX4MyFM5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"小结:简单来讲,这个模式就是先从结论说起,再说明得出结论的理由及根据,然后举出具体事例佐证,最后再强调一次结论 。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn98WiLvkPy1pvaKThDAK51f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1181,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"“PREP+A”的逻辑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0ae685e68dcc4ae4a5eaf3075859a74f","width":1920},"text":"","id":"doxcnXAnSTun4KMcpiOnWaaBIkb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"掌握思维框架","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxcXMwwpWfrCwCet1sorrQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如何去设计一个框架,这个方法来","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"自元","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"学习领域的相关知识,这些元学习领域的相关知识如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQsoQtuiIIYkapgIJScj91f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"工作记忆、长时记忆、组块、提取、存储、必要难度、间隔效应、表征、初级表征、次级表征、心理表征、记忆、线索、遗忘曲线、图式、模式、联系、刻意练习、自我生成、详细阐述、分散练习、框架法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTqrAiCfAeZ9gjyHpj30HZd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"举一个例子来区分一下,工作记忆与长时记,比如记住一个姓名:【xxx],默默5遍后可以记住这个名字,只不过这个姓名是在工作记忆里边。工作记忆不能被长时的保存,是一种临时的记忆。此时,从大脑里提取这个姓名,就是从工作记忆中直接提取出来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbRpkyhKmcauP3Z0rCnYPWe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"隔了一会儿,再去提取“刚才记住在工作记忆”的姓名,再也提取不出来了。工作记忆,早已被新的内容刷空,如果“长时记忆”里边有记住这个姓名,我们就能从长时记忆里边把这个姓名提取到工作记忆。可惜的是,遗憾的是,长时记忆里边没有塑造出这个记忆。或者说长时记忆虽然保存了这个记忆,却提取不出来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9BP6wtszUmTI2iHTU1aEqf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQV9onLDvPYvw3JzboFvEzg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":256,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"掌握思维框架","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7ef07f423e004067b5167462d1e51730","width":512},"text":"","id":"doxcnLemivPNyz6MJsensxn6djg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"现在要利用元学习领域的知识来建立一个逻辑思维的框架,这个逻辑思维的框架是针对逻辑学而言,这就涉及到逻辑学领域的相关基础知识了。逻辑学领域的基础知识,个人提炼出来一些核心而又基础的概念,如下:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"属性、性质属性、关系属性、概念、内涵、外延、定义、划分、判断、假设Assumption、假定Hypothesis、推理、论证。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmVb2xHPWKBGjU1bSH8Oimh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比如:以词语“人”作为切入点,通过词语“人”去衔接“属性、本质属性、概念、内涵、外延、划分、判断、推理、论证”。如何从一个词语“人”贯通整个逻辑框架呢?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnN26r1LOVkPAfw1on9dPaoW"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":373,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"掌握思维框架","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7688ed31af9e4809925df576e6aff1a5","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnwxhq95LmRmQAk9KRKt6msC"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"人这个词语对应的概念---\u003e概念对应外部世界的一类事物-----\u003e从一类事物之中“抽象、抽取”出属性---\u003e本质属性----\u003e概念、内涵、定义、外延、划分----\u003e判断----\u003e推理------\u003e论证!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKvR98NYiUTO2HJJCMc6Jse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这些基础的概念之间是有联系的,刚开始学习逻辑学时,这些基础的概念在自己的大脑里是碎片化的、是分立的,是没法被联系起来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfbNbYHgHzVgKQ5e6oFPHMb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":234,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"掌握思维框架","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0f4b74fc4d4c499ca2582e7532cf1853","width":307},"text":"","id":"doxcnKzRGnQj1hlEQH55Tk819le"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"东一处、西一处、南一处、北一处,各个概念之间缺乏联系,对逻辑学的认知就是以一些碎片的认知,不能拼成一个框架,缺乏一个框架把各个概念联系起来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSO5ImPmaE7aXbQOEkirLDh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"经典的模型","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLijXnKd8OboQ88pmhbnQPd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"有人说“思维模型是你大脑中用于做决策的工具箱,你拥有的工具越多,你就能够做出正确的决策”,所以大家可以多学习经典思维模型,帮助自己做出正确的决策。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYQFpfLKjRwSJrIMJwf3WMh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":753,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"经典的模型","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2e6acdc4bca743bc9b0151ddaef91ff2","width":821},"text":"","id":"doxcn9EEvdqrw11HV27kkMUAa2g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"自我提问练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnucB2ZaBMsQSSRYvqWfsA6c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在日常生活中,无论是看到、听到或读到一些关于重要信息或者让你有触动的信息时,都可以通过一些刻意的自我提问来锻炼自己的思维。比如读到一个观点时,就可以这样问自己:作者为什么会从这个角度切入?作者是如何形成这个结论?这个结论有什么缺点?如果我来写如何可以更好?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8i5YfGrJmeb97EtSiBdT2e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":400,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"自我提问练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2d3775f09de94d349f5362df97b72f99","width":600},"text":"","id":"doxcnkHVXG6UaBNrAADUe08ejJc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"写作练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntbKMqA3oOrkmxidZJGrDsf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可以每天拿一张纸,就写一个问题,然后我们再用树形结构逻辑思维,来对这个问题进行分析。用不同的角度,不同的视野,看看是否有新的想法,把这些东西再整理起来,先不要思考太多,想到一个问题就直接写。不能拖延。我们只要追寻自己原始的感受,不用想得很复杂,想到什么就直接写什么,别犹豫不决。培养这种树形结构逻辑思维,最忌讳的就是,原地兜圈子,因为这样会做无用功。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnETW9ZnINMYM8iz8F1hc0cg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":500,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写作练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos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将全书的内容浓缩在这一张图里,有利于我们迅速抓住重点,在日常思维导图的制作过程中,可以利用工具:XMIND,如果你有输出的需求,可以购买一个会员,如果只是想自己做完保存,也可以不购买会员。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY13UikzlaLiLuq2MwLC0Th"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":669,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"做结构笔记","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d7d2b5c55be94f36903550a17cdf10d0","width":1080},"text":"","id":"doxcnnLjsAOqXdJ2ul9nFxSRXie"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用思维导图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkOl7abl7o8zavwCaxWXLwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"思维导图就是一种工具,可以利用有效图形来协助我们的思维表达的实用性工具,可以帮助我们发散思维,理清思路。当接到一个任务时,先要做的不应该是立马执行,而是先思考。因为有时候如果不思考,就会弄不清楚方向,就会挖掘不出甲方的真实需求。这时候我们就要打开思维导图,开始逻辑的分散性思考。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndgqN16nFdbsEPIcV1FO6Jf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":365,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"使用思维导图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1ad3578583bb46d5a91652a564a74cf3","width":500},"text":"","id":"doxcno8cbRZuiM4yWM0D9npf9xc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常见好用的思维导图工具有很多,比如:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHB8sU7KnfmlLKxaGzvH6Jg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":192,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"使用思维导图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d2bfe472af354d1b8012784a7f72f932","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnQH9cWtnzlFIrSRKczEoXM4"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"亿图脑图MindMaster:强烈推荐,简单好用高颜值,模板社区10W+模板内容;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjWUPpn4bpEYmVSj2sOc4Qe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"MindManager:推荐,思维导图老大哥,兼容Microsoft office,试用限制30天;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnv7qPmvwkig9o8D4te05jrd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"幕布:较推荐,极简风大纲笔记一键生成思维导图,较长时间无更新维护;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2jcR7TO6bAyMk4HIzkXjVf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"xmind:推荐,商业思维导图软件,高颜值+做图稳定,但没有提供在线版和云服务;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXbUBnSh0iggYRFX44cHzze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"MindLine思维导图:较推荐,轻量级思维导图软件,功能较简约但界面缺乏设计感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzeEjinmWUElcchxzxq6Iad"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"导图的用法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvDf72mxIuvCE9YmOoS8ptn"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比如,一次会议可以分三个阶段。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5uOSbXnTGLrvlX7WeIGtfe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一个阶段,大家畅所欲言,发散思维,用思维导图把大家的想法用树状图画出来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndIIqITk6Z4TrwMuLiFEhCe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二个阶段,评估想法。发现不同想法之间的联系,而且把有联系的想法用线条连接起来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5VHDmIq5TiGwZSJ220Tllc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第三个阶段,集中思维,形成决议。把讨论中淘汰的想法都删除划掉,剩下的想法,分出主次和执行顺序,整理好开始执行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBIap6d1hCscA8CVUPFG7Ce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"个人的想法过程也一样。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA4c5In3BNlhHu4CrRL7qqb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"实用主义的思维导图一定是杂乱的,画满了各种连线、重点符号、划掉符号,就像草稿纸一样。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBbWqsOnPRNgLLrWEPonsAg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"花哨的装饰和美观的外表未必实用,真正的武器身上一定伤痕累累。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXIkBDBoQmF3tAgxiwxKpGf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":311,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"导图的用法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cfb24c12796c4319884fe62f92c73450","width":400},"text":"","id":"doxcnL6qaG5ecZuepwWezkPgpVe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意事项:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfoFPWt9tp1go0UxurgtEBe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"① 清楚制图目的","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnetRvWjVEw1w0qWOMtZR1Sb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"做思维导图之前,一定要弄清楚自己制图的目的是什么?是为了自己梳理思路还是交付于别人传播。如果是用于分享,就需要有一些设计思维。如果是帮助自己梳理思路,那么就不需要美观度上花去过多的时间。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYz787WLlgyYsDVExxQjCPg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"② 信息传递","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnl9CZ4jznxh116m9ansCnXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"记住做思维导图重要的是梳理思维,视觉传达为辅助,帮助记忆,因此不能本末倒置,花过多的时间在视觉美化上面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoVvaIFicoAbGK9RGh9wvWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"③ 语言要精炼","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnylhnLbv667pX9ZlP8jrckg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一张思维导图可以承载的信息毕竟有限,我们要学会深度理解信息、适当加工,尽量用明确、精炼的语言去传达。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxNFq9G4uVgCeSWiIJXkkvb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"④ 日常积累素材库","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6l0edyfh0JnTYeVf7agooc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们要在日常工作中不断累积建立好自己的素材库,可以是图标库、图片库、字体库、配色库、模型参考库等等,这样能够有效提高自己的作图效率。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA2jY2aWeM176jZFEY1rtve"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E
4. 尼康镜头转m43
松下gh5相机不能用尼康的镜头,因为松下gh5相机是m43卡口,而尼康相机是f卡口和z卡口,松下gh5相机除了用自己的m43卡口镜头外,还可以用奥林巴斯m43卡口的镜头
5. b4镜头转接e卡口
C列 b4 b7 下拉 D列 b1 b4 下拉 E列 ="="&C1&"-"&D1 下拉 复制E列,选择性粘贴-值。 完成
6. b4镜头转接
我在复印机上实验过了,A4转B4扩大122%;A3转A4和B4转B5都是缩小70%;A3转B4和A4转B5都是缩小86%;B4转A4缩小81%;B4转A3和B5转A4都是扩大115%;A4转A3扩大141%。
7. m43镜头转接到aps—c
轮虚化能力,4/3系统理论上不如全幅,也不如APS-C画幅的单反. 不过在F2.0的光圈下,背景虚化也在可接受的范围内.如果你对虚化有特别高的要求,那么可以看看N,C的相机,比如后者可以通过转接环来使用其他卡口的好手动头,当然,4/3系统也可以使用转接环. 奥林巴斯现在的入门机套头是14-42,不是14-40,如果你对背景虚化情有独钟的话,不建议上E510,E510的强项不是在这方面.你上个450D+50/1.8II比e-510+14-40背景虚化好得多(当然,前者是大光圈定焦头).